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ENSURING TRUSTWORTHINESS OF ENERGY INFORMATION SYSTEMS THROUGH SYSTEMATIC SOFTWARE QUALITY AUDITS
02.12.2025 13:46
[1. Information systems and technologies]
Author: Zinoviy Liutak, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Department of software engineering, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk
Ensuring trustworthiness within energy information systems has become a critical requirement as Europe advances toward increasingly digitalized, decentralized and interconnected energy infrastructures. These systems support essential operations such as real-time monitoring, grid coordination, market settlement and cybersecurity surveillance. Their reliability and correctness directly influence the stability of national energy supply, the safety of critical infrastructure and the confidence of both operators and regulatory authorities. In this context, systematic software quality audits serve as a foundational mechanism for evaluating whether these systems meet the functional, operational and security expectations required in high-risk environments. The importance of structured quality audits is further intensified by the proliferation of heterogeneous energy technologies, including advanced metering infrastructures, distributed energy resources and integrated control systems. These components operate using diverse protocols, interfaces and data formats, creating significant challenges for interoperability and consistency. Software quality audits help ensure that such systems adhere to coherent engineering practices, comply with international standards and maintain the integrity of exchanged information. By identifying deficiencies in code quality, documentation, or architectural design, audits contribute to improved system robustness and reduced operational uncertainty. Contemporary European developments emphasize the role of cybersecurity and resilience as core attributes of trustworthiness. Regulatory frameworks such as the NIS2 Directive explicitly require energy sector entities to conduct continuous monitoring, risk assessments and compliance-oriented evaluations [1]. As cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, the scope of software audits now extends beyond functional correctness to include vulnerability detection, secure configuration verification and incident preparedness assessments. This trend reflects a shift from traditional quality assurance toward an integrated approach that combines quality, cybersecurity and operational resilience. Technological advancements also shape the evolution of software auditing practices. The adoption of cloud-based supervisory platforms, AI-enabled anomaly detection systems and digital twin technologies introduces new opportunities for enhancing audit precision and reducing manual effort. Automated analysis tools, static code evaluation engines and real-time performance monitoring systems allow auditors to capture complex behavioural patterns and identify latent defects that may not emerge under conventional testing. As a result, audits are becoming more comprehensive, data-driven and aligned with continuous assurance paradigms promoted within the European energy sector.
Systematic software quality audits play a crucial role in ensuring the trustworthiness of energy information systems by verifying compliance with engineering standards, identifying security vulnerabilities and evaluating operational reliability. The increasing complexity of digital energy infrastructures and the rise of European regulatory expectations further reinforce the necessity of rigorous, transparent and adaptable audit methodologies. As energy systems continue to evolve toward higher levels of automation and interconnectedness, software quality audits remain an indispensable component of maintaining secure, resilient and trustworthy digital energy environments.
Current development approaches in the energy software domain increasingly emphasize modularity, interoperability and standards-based engineering. Modern energy information systems are typically constructed using service-oriented or microservice architectures, enabling components to evolve independently while maintaining stable interfaces. This design philosophy supports integration across heterogeneous devices, platforms and protocols that characterize contemporary energy infrastructures. In parallel, development practices strongly encourage adherence to international standards such as ISO/IEC 25010 and IEC 62351, which provide formalized criteria for quality and security. These standards serve as a foundation for structuring development lifecycles, guiding documentation, and ensuring traceability, key requirements for reliable and auditable energy software. A second prominent trend is the adoption of DevSecOps and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) methodologies. These approaches embed security and quality assurance directly into the development pipeline rather than treating them as isolated post-development activities. Automated testing frameworks, static analysis tools and vulnerability scanners operate continuously throughout the lifecycle, enabling early detection of defects and enforcing consistent compliance with engineering requirements. For energy-sector applications, DevSecOps offers significant benefits by reducing deployment risks, improving maintainability and supporting rapid adaptation to regulatory or operational changes. This shift toward continuous assurance aligns with broader European digitalization initiatives that emphasize resilience, cybersecurity and real-time system verification. Artificial intelligence and data-driven engineering practices also represent a transformative development direction. Machine learning models are increasingly used to enhance forecasting, anomaly detection and optimization in energy systems, while digital twins allow developers to simulate system behavior under realistic operating conditions. These innovations require rigorous validation and verification procedures to ensure model reliability, data integrity and reproducibility, characteristics essential for trustworthiness in critical infrastructures. As a result, contemporary development approaches combine classical software engineering with advanced analytical methods, forming hybrid development ecosystems that must be supported by systematic auditing, governance mechanisms and transparent evaluation frameworks.
References:
1. European Union. Directive (EU) 2022/2555 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Measures for a High Common Level of Cybersecurity Across the Union (NIS2 Directive). Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 2022.
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