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AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES
07.06.2023 20:31
[3. Technical sciences]
Author: Nataliia Vasyliv, teacher assistant, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk
ORCID: 0000-0002-1561-1141
Working conditions, behaviors, and habits that have been changed by the industrial revolution deeply affected lives of workers. The revolution which brought several reforms has raised some problems related with working itself. One of these problems that should be considered is occupational accidents and diseases. Working forms and conditions that put health of workers and occupational safety at risk cause damages to organizations and societies directly and indirectly as well as it negatively influences people’s lives.
Occupational accidents and diseases are one of the major problems of business life in Ukraine as well as it is in the world. Every year thousands of people get sick, get hurt, become disabled or die because of different causes related with their jobs. Studying this subject thoroughly is important because it is related with quality of worker’s live.
Adverse working conditions that might pose danger to employees began to emerge along with the industrial revolution. The rapid development of industrialization brought some problems such as long working hours, ill-payment, unsafe working conditions, and children’s and women’s being employed at heavy jobs and in order to solve these problems making legislative arrangements and developing occupational safety measures have become obligatory.
At the present time, on the other hand, the rapid development of technology and the radical increase in production and competition further increases the dangers related to the health and work safety of employees. While being protected from occupational accidents and diseases, at the same time making them work in an environment healthier and safer, remote from occupational hazards will protect both employees’ physical and mental health.
Employees’ having a healthy and safe work environment is one of the most important human resources issues in business. Protection function of Human Resources Management (HRM) includes occupational health and safety and aims protection of employees, physically and mentally. While work safety aims protection of occupational accidents that might result from unsafe behaviors of employees and/or unsafe environment; occupational health involves health rules that are necessary for a healthy life and living environment.
Occupational health and safety is essential not only for employees but also for the safety of organization and production as a whole. In this regard, occupational health and safety can be defined as the prevention of employees from getting occupational diseases and occupational accidents, prevention of work-related threats and dangers, the measures to be taken for the creation of a healthy and safe working environment and the systematic studies necessary for these purposes.
Occupational accidents threat the health of employees and adversely affect the economies of the organizations and countries. The treatment of employee that is exposed to an accident or disease and compensation of economic loss directly encumbers financial responsibilities to the employers. In addition, loss of machine, raw material, product etc. as a result of accident and halt of production for a while also constitutes indirect economic loss of organizations. Labor losses that are caused by accidents also affect negatively in terms of the country’s economy.
During the analysis and evaluation of the occupational risk regarding accidents at work and occupational diseases, the following indicators must be taken into account:
-Total occupational accidents
-Deaths from occupational accidents
-Permanent incapacity resulted from occupational accidents
-Days of temporary incapacity (outpatient)
-Days of temporary incapacity (inpatient)
-The Sector of Craft and Related Trades Workers Without Specification
( Sector in which occupational accidents are most commonly seen)
-Murder or injury by another person
-Total occupational diseases
A work injury/illness analysis is not a mere repetition of the worker's explanation of the injury/illness, but includes the evaluation of the facts, physical evidence, existing records, opinions, and the statements of the affected employee and witnesses. It involves identifying the causal factors and provides recommendations for corrective action to be taken to prevent the recurrence of similar injuries or illnesses.
References
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2. Порядок розслідування та обліку нещасних випадків невиробничого характеру [Текст]: затв. постановою Кабінету Міністрів України від 22 березня 2011 р. № 270. – К.: Офіційний вісник України від 13.04.2001 р. № 13. – 75 с.
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5. Закон України «Про загальнообов’язкове державне соціальне страхування від нещасного випадку на виробництві та професійного захворювання, які спричинили втрату працездатності» [Текст]: Верховна Рада України №1105-XIV від 23.09.1999 р.
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