ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING A RENEWABLE POWER-SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR PRIVATE HOUSES IN UKRAINE UNDER UNSTABLE ENERGY CONDITIONS - Наукові конференції
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ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTING A RENEWABLE POWER-SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR PRIVATE HOUSES IN UKRAINE UNDER UNSTABLE ENERGY CONDITIONS

05.11.2025 11:57

[3. Технічні науки]

Автор: O. Rezynkin, D.Sc., Professor, Department of Engineering Electrophysics, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine; N. Veselova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Electrophysics, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine


ORCID: 0000-0003-3527-8419 N. Veselova

ORCID: 0000-0001-8151-5636 O. Rezynkin

Ukraine by geographical position has heterogeneous renewable resources. Annual global horizontal irradiation varies roughly between  1,000 - 1,450 kWh/m²·yr across the country, with higher values concentrated in the southern steppe regions, also in Crimea and lower values in the northern and forested regions; a representative central value for many agricultural regions is 1,200v-1,350 kWh/m²·yr (3.3-3.7 kWh/m²·day) [1]. 

Wind resources are location-sensitive, but not seasonal. Country-scale products indicate mean wind speeds concentrated between ≈3.0 - 7.5 m/s at low hub heights (10 - 50 m) depending on topography and proximity to the Black Sea. The 10% windiest land area exhibits mean speeds near 7.2 m/s (with power densities ~359 W/m²), while most inland lowland zones display lower mean speeds (≈3 - 5 m/s). Elevated ridges, escarpments and coastal locations are the most favorable for distributed wind deployment. For effective wind turbines  height selection is about 50 - 100 m [1].

The integration of combined solar and wind power systems into the grid can help in reducing the overall cost and improving reliability of renewable power generation to supply its load. The grid takes excess renewable power from renewable energy sites and supplies power to the site loads when required, [2]. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the common DC and common AC bus grid-connected to solar PV and wind hybrid systems, respectively.




Figure 1 - (a) Grid-connected hybrid system at common AC bus, (b) Gridconnected hybrid system at common DC bus [2]

Stand-alone hybrid renewable energy systems represent an attractive and increasingly necessary solution for all regions of Ukraine, where centralized utility infrastructure is either technically difficult to maintain or economically infeasible to expand under wartime conditions. As grid reliability has significantly deteriorated in many territories, autonomous renewable systems enable continuous power availability for critical residential and agricultural loads. Such systems can be further classified into common DC-bus and common AC-bus topologies, depending on the strategy used for energy consolidation, conditioning, and distribution. In a common DC-bus configuration, power from photovoltaic arrays, wind generators, and battery storage is combined at a regulated DC level prior to DC/AC inversion, enabling high conversion efficiency and simplified charge-control coordination. Conversely, common AC-bus systems interface generation subsystems and storage through AC linkages, often requiring multiple rectification and inversion stages but allowing more flexible integration of conventional rotating backup generators. Selection between these configurations is typically guided by system scale, storage requirements, and intended operational autonomy, as well as component availability under crisis-driven supply-chain constraints  [2,4].

Due to the stochastic nature of solar irradiance and wind speed, the combined use of PV modules and wind turbines can partially mitigate resource variability. The strengths of one energy source compensate for the shortcomings of the other within specific temporal intervals, thus increasing the reliability of power supply.

For autonomous operation, energy storage remains the dominant cost factor. Batteries contribute significantly to the capital cost of the system while offering a comparatively lower lifespan than PV panels or wind turbines. Therefore, an economic optimization approach often favors increasing renewable generation capacity (PV or wind) rather than increasing battery capacity alone. Nevertheless, insufficient battery storage may compromise reliability, requiring significantly oversized PV or wind capacity to maintain acceptable availability [1,2].




Figure 2- а) Stand-alone hybrid system at common DC bus, b) Stand-alone hybrid system at common AC bus [1].

Hybrid PV–wind systems offer a technically and economically viable strategy for decentralized electrification during periods of prolonged grid disruption in Ukraine. Their modularity, compatibility with existing infrastructure, and reduced dependence on imported fuels make them suitable for rapid deployment in rural and peri-urban regions. Field deployment and validation of hybrid systems in representative Ukrainian sites; advanced control strategies for optimal dispatch under emergency conditions;  supply-chain and logistics planning relevant to wartime disruptions; and  integration of emerging technologies such as battery storage and community-level microgrids. The results indicate that distributed renewable generation can play a critical role in increasing national energy resilience, supporting civilian populations, and strengthening productivity during crisis conditions [3].

Analytical assessment of hybrid photovoltaic–wind energy systems for private residential and agricultural facilities in Ukraine under conditions of acute energy instability caused by wartime disruptions. The research demonstrates that combining solar and wind generation with appropriately sized battery storage significantly enhances supply reliability and decreases life-cycle energy cost compared with diesel-only backup solutions [4]. Due to the complementary seasonal and diurnal profiles of solar irradiance and wind resources across most Ukrainian regions, hybridization reduces storage requirements and mitigates resource intermittency more effectively than single-technology systems.

Analysis of integration for PV, wind turbine, and storage subsystems formulated to evaluate performance under realistic climatic and operational conditions. Optimization criteria based on Loss of Power supply probability allow appropriate system sizing for different load profiles such as household services, or even schools, stores, etc. Techno-economic analysis indicates that typical installations comprising 6–25 kW of PV, 2–12 kW of distributed wind capacity, and 10–300 kWh of lithium-iron-phosphate storage can maintain reliability targets with a levelized cost of energy competitive with current diesel generator operation, especially in situation with unstable or absent grid connectivity [5].

Hybrid prioritization, strong maintenance infrastructure, and supportive financing can significantly increase the penetration of decentralized renewable energy in Ukraine. When coordinated with microgrid regulation, supply-chain development, and support programs, these measures can enhance energy security and reduce vulnerability of energy system.

References:

[1] H. Yang, L. Lu, and W. Zhou, “A novel optimization sizing model for hybrid solarwind power generation system” Solar Energy, 81, 76-84 (2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2006.06.010.

[2] Global Wind Atlas, “Area: Ukraine - mean wind speed and power density,” Global Wind Atlas. Available: https://globalwindatlas.info/en/area/Ukraine. 

[3] European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), “PVGIS - Photovoltaic Geographical Information System,” 2024. 

[4] M. V. O’Leary et al., “Technical achievable potential of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy in Ukraine,” EPJ Photovoltaics, 2024. doi:10.1051/epjpv/20240016. 

[5] Greenpeace (Germany), “Ukraine: Mapping the energy opportunities - Solar and wind mapping report,” Apr. 2024. 






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